• Knowing the approximate viscosity, pick four standard tubes closest in viscosity to your sample
  
• Fill the sample tube with liquid, insert a cork, and then using the tube holder insert the four lettered tubes and the sample tube into the holder
  
• Turn over the holder and visually compare what letter best matches the rise time of the bubble in the sample
  
• The rise time in seconds of the sealed tubes and samples can also be determined using a basic timer

• Temperature control: 1°C =  10% error
  
• Verticality control: 5° slant =  10% error
  
• Tube I.D. control: 0.1mm =      2% error

Sturdy metal frame with plastic handle holding 5 tubes in one row by means of spring clips. Flat ends allow holder to be set in vertical position in water bath or on table.

Comes without tubes. Weights: 1/2 lbs net; 2 lbs shipping weight.

The viscosity of many materials depends on shear rate and is classified accordingly, Fig 1b. Viscosity is expressed as Absolute, n, and Kinematic, v. Absolute viscosity is determined by measuring the shear force required to produce a given shear rate and is independent of the density of the liquid.

Kinematic viscosity is measured by the time required for a given volume of liquid to flow through a capillary or restriction. It is related to flow caused by the hydrostatic head of the liquid and therefore strongly dependent on density.

Viscosity is determined by either measuring the time an air bubble takes to pass between two specifically spaced marks on viscosity tubes, or by comparison to the bubble rate rise of calibrated viscosity standards. The accuracy of the method is therefore a function of precision matching of tube bores and identical score heights, which are measured from the center outside bottom.

Other factors, such as uniformity of temperature and verticality of tubes, influence timed bubble travel and controlled laboratory techniques are essential for precise results. For example, a variation in temperature of 0.1°C will cause a 1% variation in the timed bubble travel, and a one radius departure from tube verticality may introduce a 10% error in the timed bubble travel.

Comparison Method - The bubble rate rise of the samples is compared to samples of known viscosities or calibrated standards contained in tubes of the same dimensions. The rack containing the samples and standards is removed from the water bath, held vertically to stabilize the air bubbles and quickly inverted maintaining verticality. A comparison of air bubble speed of the samples to the standards permits estimation of viscosity; the faster the rate of bubble rise, the lower the viscosity. The user may prepare viscosity standards or employ Gardner Viscosity Standards.

Time-Method (ASTM D 1545) - TimeTest Tubes are required to determine viscosity by the Timed-Method. The length of time, in seconds, required for an air bubble to pass from the 27mm to 100mm score mark, a distance of 73mm, is approximately equal to the viscosity of the liquid in “Stoke” units; alternatively, viscosity may be expressed in “Bubble Seconds.” It is important to note that the position of the air bubble in relation to the 27mm score should be similar at the end of the test on the 100mm score.

Time-Test Viscosity Tubes, 10.65mm
Time-Test Viscosity Tubes are frequently referred to as ASTM D-1545 Tubes, which originated from the adopted standard method of test for viscosity as described in ASTM D-1545 issued by the American Society for Testing and Materials. Time-Test Tubes are scored in three places: Fig. 3a: 27mm, 100mm and 108mm. The score mark at 27mm is used for a 73mm timed travel. Time-Test Viscosity Tubes are also subjected to additional testing procedures to ascertain the 10.65mm bore which is very critical for precision measuring.

Class “G-10.65” and “V-10.75” Tubes
Class “G-10.65” and “V-10.75” Viscosity Tubes are used principally for direct comparisons to Gardner Viscosity Standards. Both Classes of tubes are inscribed at the 100mm and 108mm lengths, Fig. 3b. For bubble rate rise comparisons to Gardner Viscosity Standards, the following equivalency chart is provided.

Cargille Class “G-10.65” = Gardner Grade A Tubes
Cargille Class “V-10.75” = Gardner Grade B Tubes

All Cargille Viscosity Tubes are permanently inscribed with two score marks, at 100mm and 108mm heights (Fig 3b) with the exception of Time-Test Viscosity Tubes, which have an additional score at 27mm (Fig. 3a). In compliance with ASTM D 1545, all score marks are measured from the center outside bottom of the tubes.

The score mark at 100mm represents the filling level and the 108mm score is used to fix the size of the air bubble in the tube by inserting a cork to this mark. The 27mm and 100mm scores on Time-Test Viscosity Tubes are used to time the bubble rise.

Prevents small extraneous bubbles from interfering with timed bubble movement.

Boxes are supplied with separate, correspondingly-numbered index charts for recording pertinent sample information, and an exterior card in a polished brass card holder for easily identifying the general contents of the sample storage box.